Notes

Companies today basically have two choices: Adapt or die. Some have died in front of our eyes; others are struggling with the adaptation. As they struggle, the methods of doing business that worked very well for them for decades are becoming history. Companies that have had generations of employees growing up under a no-layoff policy are now dumping ten thousand people at a time onto the street. Unfortunately, that’s all part of the process of adaptation.

• Andy Grove, Updated Introduction 1995

For context, this introduction looks at email as the technological disrupter when comparing the business landscape in 1995 to 1983 when the original edition was published. This could just as easily be applied to tech companies 2025-2026.